A configural dominant account of contextual cueing : configural cues are stronger than colour cues

Previous work has shown that reaction times to find a target in displays that have been repeated are faster than those for displays that have never been seen before. This learning effect, termed “contextual cueing” (CC), has been shown using contexts such as the configuration of the distractors in the display and the background colour. However, it is not clear how these two contexts interact to facilitate search. We investigated this here by comparing the strengths of these two cues when they appeared together. In Experiment 1, participants searched for a target that was cued by both colour and distractor configural cues, compared with when the target was only predicted by configural information. The results showed that the addition of a colour cue did not increase contextual cueing. In Experiment 2, participants searched for a target that was cued by both colour and distractor configuration compared with when the target was only cued by colour. The results showed that adding a predictive configural cue led to a stronger CC benefit. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the disruptive effects of removing either a learned colour cue or a learned configural cue and whether there was cue competition when colour and configural cues were presented together. Removing the configural cue was more disruptive to CC than removing colour, and configural learning was shown to overshadow the learning of colour cues. The data support a configural dominant account of CC, where configural cues act as the stronger cue in comparison to colour when they are presented together

Bolivia: The Economy During the Morales Administration

This paper examines the Bolivian economy since President Evo Morales took office in 2006. It finds that Bolivia’s economic growth in the last four years has been higher than at any time in the last 30 years, averaging 4.9 percent annually since the current administration took office in 2006. Projected GDP growth for 2009 is the highest in the hemisphere and follows its peak growth rate in 2008.Bolivia, Morales, Latin America, Central America

Hemingway and the Soča Front

In 1918 Ernest M. Hemingway served along the Soča Front during the last months of the Great War. Better known as the Isonzo Front, the Soča Front was the battle lines between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy. The history of this front is connected to the First World War from the very beginning. Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms (FTA), several of his poems, and the Nick Adams’ stories are all based on the First World War. For this reason, the study of the history behind the war is important in order to better understand Hemingway’s works connected directly to the war. Studying the historical and geographical setting of FTA, the Nick Adams’ stories and Hemingway’s poetry will give scholars and students a deeper understanding of the works as well as a deeper understanding of Hemingway. Furthermore, after a study of the historical setting, a group of often overlooked people groups becomes visible buried underneath Hemingway’s writing. This project will first look to the historical setting of FTA and Hemingway’s poetry, and will then look to the “other” of Hemingway’s writing in order to gain a better understanding of Hemingway and his writing

Caregiver Perspectives on Telehealth: A Service Delivery for Occupational Therapy

Telehealth; also known as telerehabilitation, telecare, telemedicine, teletherapy, and telepractice; is an emerging healthcare service that is utilized in various healthcare facilities with a span of ages, conditions, and locations (World Federation of Occupational Therapy [WFOT], 2014). Telehealth utilizes information and communication technologies to deliver services to a patient when the healthcare provider is not in the same location (WFOT, 2014). Telehealth can provide an online platform for evaluations, consultations, monitoring, supervision, and intervention with patients and other professionals (WFOT, 2014). Telehealth is an emerging method of delivering occupational therapy (OT) services to various populations, including: children and youth; productive aging; health and wellness; mental health; rehabilitation, disability, and participation; work and industry (Cason, Hartmann, Jacobs, & Richmond, 2013). Occupational therapists use telehealth to “develop skills; incorporate assistive technology and adaptive techniques; modify work, home, or school environments; and create health-promoting habits and routines” (Cason et al., 2013, p. 69). Telehealth is beneficial because it increases accessibility of services, increases access to specialists and/or providers, increases client and therapist flexibility of treatment times, reduces travel time, and reduces delays in service by allowing for online consultation (Cason et al., 2013; Gardner, Bundy, & Dew, 2016; Kairy, Lehoux, Vincent, & Visintin, 2009). Telehealth will be investigated in this project with the population of caregivers of children receiving early intervention (EI) services. Early intervention services “promote the development of skills and enhance the quality of life in infants and toddlers who have been identified as having a disability or developmental delay, enhance capacity of families to care for their child with special needs, reduce future educational costs, and promote independent living” (Cason, Behl, & Ringwalt, 2012, p. 1). Using telehealth to deliver EI services helps to improve access to care in underserved areas (Cason et al., 2012). Telehealth also promotes “inter-disciplinary collaboration, coordinated care, and consultation with specialists” who are not normally available in these underserved communities (Cason et al., 2012)

Music Education in America: How Far Afield Are We from Vision 2020?

In 1997, American music educators of eminence gathered for the second major national symposium for music education to consider a rapidly changing demography, newly emerging data from the field of neuromusicology, an ever-evolving technological revolution, and societal attitudes toward music education. The Housewright Symposium on the Future of Music Education resulted in a publication intended to provide an opportunity for idealism and imagination as music education approached the new millennium: Vision:2020. Contributing authors could not have foreseen the impending negative impact of the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act, the economic collapse of 2008, nor the social and educational milieu that has resulted in what many consider present-day dystopia for the profession. This writing is an examination of the philosophical assertions of the Vision:2020 authors and of the imperfect reality in which music educators find themselves today. Herein, I ask the question: how far afield are we from Vision:2020

In Search of a Match: A Guide for Helping Students Make Informed College Choices

This guide is designed for counselors, teachers, and advisers who work with high school students from low-income families and students who are the first in their families to pursue a college education. It offers strategies for helping these students identify, consider, and enroll in "match" colleges -- that is, selective colleges that are a good fit for students based on their academic profiles, financial considerations, and personal needs. Many of the suggestions in this guide are based on insights and lessons learned from the College Match Program, a pilot program that MDRC codeveloped with several partners and implemented in Chicago and New York City to address the problem of "undermatching," or what happens when capable high school students enroll in colleges for which they are academically overqualified or do not apply to college at all. The key lessons of the College Match Program, which are reflected in this guide, are that students are willing to apply to selective colleges when:* They learn about the range of options available to them.* They engage in the planning process early enough to meet college and financial aid deadlines.* They receive guidance, support, and encouragement at all stages.Informed by those key lessons, the guide tracks the many steps in the college search, application, and selection process, suggesting ways to incorporate a match focus at each stage: creating a match culture, identifying match colleges, applying to match colleges, assessing the costs of various college options, selecting a college, and enrolling in college. Because many students question their ability to succeed academically or fit in socially at a selective college, and because they may hesitate to enroll even when they receive good advice and encouragement, the guide offers tips and strategies to help students build the confidence they need to pursue the best college education available to them. Each section also suggests tools and resources in the form of websites and printed materials that counselors, advisers, and students can use, as well as case studies to illustrate the experiences of College Match participants throughout the process

A systematic literature review of between-class ability grouping in Australia: Enduring tensions, new directions

Ability grouping of students into separate classes within a school can be called ‘betweenclass ability grouping’. This practice has persisted in Australia despite evidence that it is socially inequitable and does not improve academic outcomes. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature about between-class ability grouping in Australia from 2012- 2022 reveals only N=28 papers that meet the inclusion criteria. These papers are critiqued and synthesised into four main findings that characterise Australian research about between-class ability grouping from 2012-2022. The findings reveal a lack of substantive inquiry with most studies having limited scope and drawing on outdated or overly generalised data. International studies gloss over vital details about how betweenclass ability grouping is practised in Australia, while research conducted from within Australia reflects enduring tensions between gifted and talented, and social equity agendas. Further research that characterises the range of Australian grouping practices and their effects on students could be used to inform decisions about how to group students into classes in secondary schools

Oogenesis: Matrix Revolutions

SummaryThe mechanism of egg-chamber elongation during Drosophila oogenesis has always been mysterious. A new study shows that the egg chambers spin around their long axis laying down polarised extracellular matrix, which acts as a molecular corset to restrict radial expansion